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Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP)
Cas No. : 13674-84-5
EINECS No. : 237-158-7
Molecular formula: C₉H₁₈Cl₃O₄P
Molecular weight: 327.57
Basic Properties
Chemical Classification
Organophosphorus halogen compound (C₉H₁₈Cl₃O₄P).
Solubility
Soluble in: Alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene), esters, ketones (acetone), chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride), and ethers. Insoluble in: Water (<0.5 g/L at 20°C) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane, mineral oil).
Functional Features
- High-efficiency flame retardancy and plasticization.
- Moderate moisture resistance (due to hydrophobic nature).
Limitations
- No intrinsic antistatic properties unless compounded with conductive additives.
- Limited UV stability; requires stabilizers (e.g., HALS, UV absorbers) for outdoor applications.
Flame Retardant Mechanism
TCPP operates via phosphorus-chlorine synergy:
- Gas Phase: Releases chlorine radicals (Cl·) to quench combustion-chain reactions.
- Solid Phase: Phosphorus promotes char formation, insulating the substrate.
- Endothermic Decomposition: Absorbs heat, reducing material temperature.
Basic Specifications
| No. | Standards | Index | ||||
| 1 | Moisture (H2O), % ≤ | 0.1 | ||||
| 2 | Acid value, mg (KOH)/g ≤ | 0.1 | ||||
| 3 | Viscosity(25℃)mPa·s | 67-72 | ||||
| 4 | Density (20-25℃), g/ml | 1.288-1.297 | ||||
| 5 | Color APHA ≤ | 50 | ||||
Primary Applications
Polymer Systems
Materials: PP, PE, PVC, PS, and engineering plastics (e.g., ABS).
Processing: Typically incorporated via melt blending (<200°C to avoid degradation).
Performance Enhancements:
- Flame retardancy (UL94 V-0 achievable at 10–20 wt%).
- Improved flow properties (plasticizing effect).
- Minimal impact on transparency in clear polymers (vs. brominated alternatives).
Polyurethane (PUR/PIR) Foams
- Applications: Rigid (insulation) and flexible (furniture, automotive) foams.
- Synergists: Sb₂O₃ (1:1–1:3 ratio with TCPP) enhances halogen efficiency.
- Standards Compliance: ASTM E84 Class II (flame spread <25), FMVSS 302 (automotive).
Auxiliary Materials
- Coatings/Adhesives: Flame-retardant additive for intumescent systems.
- Textiles: Back-coating for carpets or impregnation (limited wash durability).
- Rubber: Used in cables, gaskets (combines flame retardancy with flexibility).
Formulation Tips
Polyurethane: 10–15 wt% (foams), optionally emulsified for water-based systems.
Thermoplastics: 5–20 wt% (varies by resin and target LOI/UL94 rating).
Processing Notes:
- Avoid prolonged exposure to >200°C (risk of HCl emission).
- Pre-drying (≤80°C) recommended for hygroscopic polymers (e.g., nylons).
Package
250kg/drum net each, 1,250kg square IBC package.
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